Ru b t c o v a M. V., M a r t y a n o v D. S., M a r t y a n o v a N. A. Professional and expert communities as
subjects of management in the context of the knowledge society and deprofessionalization // Vestnik St.
Petersburg University. Ser. 12. 2013. Issue 1. P. 69–74.
Rubtsova Мaria V. — Doctor of Sociological Sciences, Associate Professor, Sain Petersburg State University, Russian
Federation; e-mail: abc33@yandex.ru
Martyanov Denis S. — Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia
(St. Petersburg), Russian Federation; e-mail: martyanoff @mail.ru
Martyanova Natalia A. — Candidate of Sociological Sciences, Associate Professor, Herzen State Pedagogical University of
Russia (St. Petersburg), Russian Federation; e-mail: nmart@bk.ru
Th e article is devoted to the phenomenon of professional communities as subjects of management of professional
knowledge in the context of deprofessionalization, expertocracy and knowledge society. Th e functions
of communities are considered within the frame of classical sociology, the expert functions of professional
communities are revealed. Special attention is paid to the transformation of the status and functions of
152
the communities on the example of the medical professions. It presents a sociological analysis of the notion
“deprofessionalization” in terms of the crisis of the profession as a social institution on the example of the crisis
of a scientifi c community. Th e “expertocracy” phenomenon, relation between the concepts “professional”
and “expert” are considered. In addition, it focuses on transformation of professional communities into expert
ones as a factor of a crisis of professions. It states the necessity to ensure institutional examination of these
subjects of management.
Keywords: professional communities, deprofessionalization, expertocracy, a professional, an expert.
References
1. Meditsinskii portal (Medical Portal). URL: http://www.medi. az (accessed: 21.01.2012).
2. Diurkgeim E. O razdelenii obshchestvennogo truda. Metod sotsiologii (On the division of labor. Th e method of sociology).
Per. s frants. i posl. A.B.Gofmana. Mosсow: Nauka, 1990. 575 p.
3. Merton R.K. Social Research and Practicing Professions. Eds A.Rosenblatt and T.F.Gieryn. Cambridge, Massachusetts:
Abt Books, 1982. 284 p.
4. Nisbet R.A. Th e Quest for Community. New York: Oxford University Press, 1953. 360 p.
5. Garceau O. Th e Political Life of the American Medical Association. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press,
1941. 186 p.
6. Skott R. Ekonomicheskaia sotsiologiia (Economic Sociology). 2007. T.8, N 1, pp.27–44.
7. Zotkin A.O. Ekspertiza obrazovatel’nykh innovatsii (Examination of educational innovation). Ed. by
G.N.Prozumentovoj. Tomsk: Tomskii gosudarstvennyi universitet, 2007. 127 p.
8. Bek U. Obshchestvo riska: Na puti k drugomu modernu (Risk Society: Towards a diff erent modernity). Per. s nem.
V.Sedel’nika, N.Fedorovoi. Mosсow: Progress-Traditsiia, 2000. 384 p.
9. Ekspertokratiia. Opyt avtoekspertizy (Experience avtoekspertizy). Portal social’noj seti LIBERTY.ru/SVOBODNYJ
MIR. URL: http://www.liberty.ru/Th emes/Ekspertokratiya.-Opyt-avtoekspertizy (accessed: 10.02.2012).
10. Kutyrev V.A. Gumanitarnyi ekologicheskii zhurnal. 1999. T.1. Issue 1, pp.67–76.
11. Pozdniakov A.V. Strategiia rossiiskikh reform (Th e strategy of the Russian reforms). Tomsk: Spektr, 1998. URL:
http://pozdnyakov. tut. su/Public/Startegy/part20. htm (accessed: 10.02.2012).
12. Brzezinsky Zb. Between Two Ages. N. Y., 1970, p.9 (tsit. po: Inozemtsev V.L. ‘Klass intellektualov’ v postindustrial’nom
obshchestve. Cotsiologicheskie issledovaniia. 2000. N 6, pp.67–77).
13. Andreev D. INTELROS Intellektual’naia Rossiia. URL: http://www.intelros.org/lib/recenzii/andreev1.htm (accessed:
01.02.2012).
14. Bard A., Zoderkvist Ia. Netokratiia. Novaia praviashchaia elita i zhizn‘ posle kapitalizma (Netokratiya. Th e New
Power Elite and Life Aft er Capitalism). St Petersburg: Stokgol’mskaia shkola ekonomiki v Sankt-Peterburge, 2004. 256 p.
15. Shter N. Sotsiologicheskii zhurnal. 2002. N 2 (tsit. po: Poliakova V. Izmenenie sotsial’noi roli ekspertnogo znaniia.
Sotsial’naia real’nost’. 2007. N 5, pp.77–85).
16. Ashkerov A. Ekspertokratiia. Upravlenie znaniiami: proizvodstvo i obrashchenie informatsii v epokhu ul’trakapitalizma
(Ekspertokratiya. Knowledge management: the production and circulation of information in the age of ultrakapitalizma).
URL: http://www.e-reading. org. ua/downloadtxt. php?book=102229 (accessed: 10.02.2012).
17. Poliakova V. Sotsial’naia real’nost’ (Social Reality). 2007. N 5, pp.77–85.
18. Shcherbinina Iu. Neva. 2011. N 12. URL: http://magazines.russ.ru/neva/2011/12/sh16. html (accessed: 10.02.2012).
19. Sviatenkov P. APN: Agentstvo politicheskikh novostei, 2005, 26 oktiabria. URL: http://www.apn.ru/publications/article1623.
htm (accessed: 05.02.2012).
20. Platonov Iu.P. Sotsionom: Elektronnyi nauchno-prakticheskii zhurnal, 2010, N1(2). URL: http://socionom.ru/journal/
stati-zhurnala/ehkspertokratija-kak-tekhnologija-vlasti (accessed: 12.02.2012).
